SERVICE INDUSTRIES MARKETING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Administration INDUSTRIES MARKETING - Essay Example The food things were completely shrouded so as to keep up the cleanliness. Be that as it may, it was particularly done to maintain the satisfying smell of the espresso in the store (Thompson, n.d.). The music played in the store was mitigating and enchanting. It gave tranquil atmosphere. With this kind of quiet condition, it appeared to improve the taste. The climate was charming that satisfied everybody particularly the couples present in the store (Michelli, 2007). The mood of the store gives a comfortable and private environment. It is an ideal spot where one can break liberated from the fuss of the quick paced world. Individuals can unwind, escape into a book; companions can cluster on a couch and talk over a cup of espresso. Generally speaking it gives a one of a kind great mood (Starbucks Coffee Company, 2010). For the upgrade of the administration level Starbucks has alluded workers as accomplices. In the year 2002, Starbucks has utilized 60,000 accomplices internationally. At the point when Mr. Howard Schultz was related with the organization he accepted that fulfillment of the buyers will be created and improved with the partner’s fulfillment (Tewell and Et. Al., 2006). The key accomplishment for Starbucks is through upgrade of the administration. Starbucks being in the matter of espresso retail tie needs to concentrate hugely upon the administration quality that will improve the fulfillment of the customers expecting to draw in them back to the store once more. Giving warm gathering and benevolent help will cause the buyers to feel increasingly fulfilled and these will build the business (Tewell and Et. Al., 2006). There are various methodologies for the administration promoting in the espresso retail segment. Starbucks has been in this industry for a more drawn out timeframe and purchasers have a lot of discernment towards the organization. The greatest test for Starbucks is to improve the administration advertising careful different utilizations of administration showcasing ideas. The augmentation in the

Business Research Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Research Skills - Essay Example At the point when a worker remains the more extended time of the time in a similar organization it builds its devotion to the organization and the pay additionally increments. He likewise included that the remaining in the organization for longer timeframe can make that representative increasingly experienced and appropriate for the organization. As per the creator, there might be increasingly extraordinary another deciding element in deciding the pay levels of the official. As indicated by Economou (2011), He additionally said that there are heaps of determinates like social, political and the situational determinants are significant for fixing a compensation of the official. In the event that the association is acquiring benefit and income, at that point the association can without much of a stretch think for a development in the pay after normal interim of time. It has been seen that if an individual remains a more drawn out timeframe with a similar organization can gain more compensation. Rank of a representative is the significant factor for fixing any pay. Level of pay would be dictated by the quantum of the duties of that worker. It is very evident that the senior workers would have an ever increasing number of duties than the lesser representatives. It unmistakably expresses that the degree of the compensation of the senior worker would get more climb as its base is high. It likewise bolsters the examination done in the undertaking one. The creat or likewise contended that as the compensation of the senior representatives is higher than the lower worker it shows that what the senior workers can procure in the lesser timeframe, it would set aside a more effort for an individual who is working in a similar organization. Clearly, the time taken for the organization senior officials is less. He additionally contended that when one worker is working for the more drawn out timeframe that individual can adjust to the organization. It additionally expressed that in any association individuals with the most elevated measure of pay rates are less in numbers and the quantity of individuals with the least base of pay.

Which Eurovision 2019 Song is Your University

Which Eurovision 2019 Song is Your University Which Eurovision 2019 Song is Your University? The Eurovision Song Contest 2019 is almost upon us, with less than a week to go until the Grand Final. And as your friendly neighborhood Eurovision fan, to me this time of year is basically better than Christmas. Okay, so my home country, the UK, probably won’t do too well, but who cares? Eurovision is so much better when you don’t take it too seriously, and just embrace it for the fun and craziness that it is. And, with that in mind, I thought I’d honor the world’s biggest live TU music spectacle by seeing which UK universities match up with this year’s songs… (There being 41 songs in the contest this year, I’m afraid I didn’t do a pairing for every single song and uni. Soz). Bangor University â€" Georgia â€" The Patriotic One Out of all the songs I mention in this article, this one is unfortunately probably the least likely to qualify, so you likely won’t see it in the Grand Final on Saturday night. But, like Bangor and its Welsh pride, it’s very patriotic â€" ‘Keep on Going’ expresses Georgian strength and encourages peace (huh, never seen peace expressed in a Eurovision song before…). The University of Manchester â€" United Kingdom â€" The BIGGER One Thought I’d join in with the bants - IT’S BIGGER!!!! Michael Rice (@MichaelRiceOff) 3 May 2019 For added bants, check out the replies. One of the prevailing memes Eurofans will all look back on from this year’s Eurovision is the BIGGER meme surrounding UK representative Michael Rice’s song ‘Bigger Than Us’. What is bigger than us? What is bigger than everything we see? No one knows, although he’s presumably singing about love (this is Eurovision after all). And which university is bigger than all the others in the UK? The University of Manchester, which is the UK’s biggest single-site university and has the biggest student community at 40,140. And, as a side note, if Eurovision was a personality contest rather than a singing contest Michael would win hands down. The lad from Hartlepool is an absolute sweetheart and is embracing his Eurovision experience for the fun that it is, including being a great sport about the BIGGER meme. He’s humble, genuinely good-natured, and an absolute credit to the UK. No matter what the result on Saturday, he should be extremely proud. The University of Newcastle â€" Spain â€" The Fun One Ask anyone where the most fun place to study in the UK is, and they’re likely tosayNewcastle. The city frequently features in lists of the best student cities in the UK, including the QS Best Student Cities index, with high praise for its eclectic nightlife. Basically, Newcastle students know how to have a good time. Its overall fun vibe aligns it most to Spain’s song ‘La Venda’, an absolute banger which is reminiscent of a football anthem and is guaranteed to get you singing along, whether or not you know a word of Spanish. If this song doesn’t put a smile on your face, you are DEAD INSIDE. Bournemouth University â€" Moldova - The Sandy One You’ve got to hand it to Moldova â€" they’ve managed to make a dated, clichéd ballad a lot more interesting with the addition of sand art on the LED screen behind singer Anna Odobescu. In true Eurovision style, this has caused a bit of drama, since Ukraine already brought this innovative idea to life in their performance back in 2011, as we all remember well. Obviously. London Metropolitan University â€" Belarus â€" The Baby Watch Zena draw her self-portrait! Do you like it? https://t.co/EyTfFkSe5A#DareToDream #Eurovision pic.twitter.com/iusbvnWOha Eurovision (@Eurovision) 12 May 2019 London Metropolitan University was founded in 2002, and this also happens to be the year the Belarusian representative, Zena, was born. Yes, really. Feel old yet? The University of Nottingham â€" Belgium â€" The Green One Eliot from Belgium’s song ‘Wake Up’ isn’t directly about climate change, but subtly encourages us to ‘wake up’ and do something about it â€" much like the University of Nottingham, one of the greenest universities in the UK, which rewards Ben Jerry’s to the most energy-saving student hall in its ‘Student SwitchOffs’. Hey, you don’t need to tell me twice to save energy if there’s ice cream involved. Queen’s University of Belfast â€" Azerbaijan - The Ridiculously Good Looking One Just look at him #Eurovision #Azerbaijan #Truth #Chingiz pic.twitter.com/L37FHPtgEs Chad (@Chadderbox2018) 13 May 2019 Okay, so in this case I’m talking more about the singer than the song itself (although the song is…good sounding? whatever) but seriously, obviously without intending to objectify Azerbaijani singer Chingiz in any way, there are no prizes for guessing that if he doesn’t win Eurovision itself, he can at least take comfort in the fact he’ll likely win the unofficial Eurovision's Next Top Male Model Award on fan site Wiwibloggs.com. Meanwhile, Queen’s University of Belfast, Northern Ireland’s highest-ranked university, is a very good looking entrant in the QS World University Rankings ®, and honorable mentions go out to these universities. The University of Sussex â€" Iceland â€" The Surprising One How do you win Eurovision? By sending a song about peace and/or love of course! While fellow Nordic nations Sweden and Denmark have done just that, sending sickeningly-sweet songs about love, Iceland have surprised us all by sending something a little unexpected â€" and a total contrast to its cheesefest from last year. ‘Hatrið mun sigra’ (Hate Will Prevail) is dark, yet absolutely inspired. It’s surprised me, in a good way â€" and also positively surprising is the lesser-known University of Sussex, which comes number one in the world for development studies in the current QS World University Rankings by Subject. This one is going to be divisive though, so who knows how it will go down with the viewing public? Central Saint Martins University â€" Portugal - The Bizarre But Artsy One Top 6: @ConanOsiris_ - Telemovies #EuroEnsayo8M #Eurovision #portugal #telaviv pic.twitter.com/FXZupu6RRW Angel Velacoracho (@angelvtercero) 8 May 2019 Another possibly divisive entry this year, Portugal’s song ‘Telemóveis’ is the kind of weird you expect from Eurovision. Personally, I like it, though it’s a shame the rehearsal footage we’ve seen doesn’t quite replicate the great performance of the Portuguese national final, complete with strange facial jewelry (though they did at least keep the death drop). Also a little weird (but please don’t sue) is Central Saint Martins University, but it’s also ~~art~~. Durham University â€" Russia â€" The Try Hard Sergey Lazarev is back to represent Russia once again (having come third in 2016) and this time he really means business, wearing a similar all-white outfit as previous Russian Eurovision winner Dima Bilan and putting on a delightfully over the top stage show, with mirrors and much screaming in the shower (which I feel on a spiritual level). The song itself isn’t bad, but to me seems like a factory-produced song, designed to be a Eurovision winner. However, it does work a lot better when brought to life on stage, compared to simply listening to the studio version. This try-hard-ness links it to Durham University, which longs to be as eminent as Oxbridge. You’ll make it, guys. Heck, you might even win this year, and then I’m going to look very stupid. The University of Cambridge â€" Italy â€" The Consistently Great One Honestly, Italy is putting us all to shame song-wise. Italian representative Mahmood’s song ‘Soldi’ has achieved the number one spot out of all of this year’s Eurovision songs in streaming charts such as Spotify, making it a very possible winner (it’s currently in sixth place in the betting odds, which to me is too low). And then you have Cambridge, which is ranked sixth in the world at the moment, and comes in the top 10 for the vast majority of subjects in the rankings by subject. The One Who’s Definitely/Probably Going to Win *drumroll please…* The University of Oxford - the Netherlands Yes, I realize how stupid I’m going to look if the Netherlands somehow don’t win, but for now, if I was going to bet on it, I’d absolutely bet on them. Dutch representative Duncan Laurence’s song ‘Arcade’ is extremely powerful and moving, and will definitely give you goosebumps. And when it comes to the World University Rankings, Oxford will more than likely come first in the UK â€" unless Cambridge manages to sneak through to the top… Who are you supporting in this year’s Eurovision? Let us know in the comments below!

Gender Roles Women And Society - 897 Words

One can always wonder how our society would be impacted if women have become gamers. In our society today, men are not the only gamers anymore. In many instances now, one can see women play a game that only men used to play once. Women s participation in gaming has led to several changes in the family and society. Since women now started to play video games, this changes our society as a whole. The question that arises is, since there are women gamers, how does this affect gender roles within our families and society? When one looks at the gender roles before there were women gamers, one can see a significant difference. Women’s roles consisted of caring for and educating her children, buying, preparing and storing food for the family, buying goods the family needs in everyday life, cleaning and maintaining the home. While on the other hand, men would go to work, then come home to a cleaned house with food on the table and after they ate would go on to relax by playing video g ames. Recently women have become a part of the gaming market. According to the IDSA, 43% of all gamers in America are women. Studies show that among online gamers the percentage is even higher: 50.4%. Now in our society women gamer make up 50.4% of gamers, this changes our gaming community. The majority of gamers now are females in their late 30s. These middle-aged women contribute more than 5 hours a week to gaming. Since they are putting in so much time into gaming, women in this age group haveShow MoreRelatedWomen Gender Roles in Society Essay795 Words   |  4 PagesWomen Gender Roles In Society Essay Gender roles have had a dominant place in society throughout the century, different families emphasizing different roles. Society places certain expectations on men and women; allocating specific responsibilities to each gender. In Alice Munroe’s and James Joyces short stories, the inexplicit social roles for women exist throughout society during these eras. In Alice Munroe’s â€Å"Boys and Girls† the narrator’s mother is viewed as a stereotypical traditionalRead MoreSociety Should Not Enforce Gender Roles On Women1891 Words   |  8 Pagesall the things society said she was not supposed to. From cutting her hair short, to going to law school and eventually becoming a writer. All of these are examples of what women should not do in the 1960s.. She never married which even today is considered to be a woman’s greatest accomplishment. Her whole life she faced criticism for going against gender norms, but yet she did not conform to society. In the novel To Kill A Mockingbird, Harper Lee introduces the idea that society should not enforceRead MoreGender Roles Of Men And Women Have Been Present In Society1418 Words   |  6 PagesGender roles of men and women have been present in society for a number of years, and the traditional roles have stuck through all the cultural changes. 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Under this lens, maleRead MoreGender Equality : Equal A ppreciation Of The Various Roles Expected By Men And Women Of Society1920 Words   |  8 PagesThe term ‘Gender Equality’ designates the equal appreciation of the various roles expected by men and women of society. It strives to overcome prejudice and discrimination against both men and women so that they are equally acknowledged in social, political, cultural and economic expansions within society. Although gender equality has been acknowledged as human rights’ principles since the implementation of charter of United Nations in 1945, we are still nowhere near reaching ultimate gender equalityRead MoreGender plays an important role in society. It points out men, women, their actions, and how they800 Words   |  4 PagesGender plays an important role in society. It points out men, women, their actions, and how they should behave according to societys perception (Gender Roles Differences,2014). 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Police Brutality Use Of Excessive And Unnecessary Force...

Police brutality is the use of excessive and unnecessary force by police when dealing with civilians. Police brutality can be present in many ways. The most common form of police brutality is a physical form. Police officers can use nerve gas, batons, pepper spray, and guns in order to physically intimidate or even intentionally hurt civilians. Police brutality can also take the form of false arrests, verbal abuse, psychological intimidation, sexual abuse, police corruption, racial profiling, political repression and the improper use of Tasers. Black people are mostly affected by white cops. Cops are given a lot of scope in performing their obligations. Since they are relied upon to ensure general society and stand up to possibly rough people, they can lawfully utilize physical, and even fatal, power in specific situations. Be that as it may, an officer who uses power when it is not called for, or who utilizes more constraints than is important to perform his or her occupation, m ay go too far into police ruthlessness. Police brutality should be controlled and stopped because its getting out of hand and is killing our African American youth. The term is not a lawful term and the definition is in this manner somewhat delicate; it might be best portrayed by method for instance. A recent case of police brutality occurred on August 9, 2014 in Ferguson, Missouri. Flatow said: This case sparked many other cases similar to Mike Brown’s situation. He was shot and killedShow MoreRelatedPolice Brutality : Use Of Excessive And Unnecessary Force By Police1536 Words   |  7 Pages Police brutality is the use of excessive and unnecessary force by police when dealing with civilians. Police brutality can be present in many ways. The most common form of police brutality is a physical form. 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Questionable behavior and complaints against officers can be filedRead MorePolice Brutality Based On Racial Profiling1682 Words   |  7 Pagesothers; violence and brutality against innocent citizens is the key to getting the job done. For years, minorities have fallen victim to police brutality based on racial profiling, stereotypes and other unjustifiable reasons that has cost several innocent lives. The involvement of officers in police brutality against minority social groups causes tainted and negative views on policing and their overall duty to protect, when they are ultimately the aggressors in this case. Police brutality is a violent incident

Skinners Theory of Operant Conditioning - 803 Words

Skinner Classical laboratory and daily application Skinner is one of the very first renowned behaviorists that came up with classical conditioning on organisms and on top of this, other experiments were also built like the operant conditioning experiments. The process of classical conditioning works with the introduction of neutral stimuli before the original stimulus and the same reaction is elicited from the organism even without the presence of the original stimulus. For instance in the instance of the Pavlov dog, it salivated with every sight of food as the original stimulus for the salivation. When a neutral stimulus was introduced like a bell that was rang each time before it was fed, the dog started salivating at the ringing of the bell even before the food was availed. Another famous experiment was of the Skinner box where caged animal detected that by pushing a given button or lever, food could roll into the cage. The voluntary action preceded the stimulus. Instrumental or operant conditioning, which is also in line with the experiments that Skinner conducted, is defined as a learning process by which the consequence of an operant response affects the likelihood that the response will occur in the future. Basically, operant conditioning is a stimulus response prototype that when reinforced conditions individuals or organisms response to a desired behavior. Our behaviors are shaped to be desirable or undesirable through reinforcements, punishment andShow MoreRelatedBF Skinners Operant Conditioning Theory543 Words   |  2 Pagesconsidered to be the father of the field of psychology known as behaviorism. Through his research in behavior, Skinner developed the theory of operant conditioning, or the idea that a new behavior can shaped. This was very different from classical conditioning where an existing behavior is reinforced through associating it with a stimuli. Skinners operant conditioning sought to develop an entirely new behavior th rough the rewarding of partial behavior or a random act that approaches the desiredRead MoreSkinners Operant Conditioning Theory Essay1906 Words   |  8 Pagessomething (Cherry, 2016). It is the internal state that activates behaviour and gives it direction (Huitt, 2011). This evaluation will consider motivational theories and their strengths and weaknesses as well as how Tom’s situation may be affecting him. The behavioural perspective of motivation concerning Skinner s operant conditioning theory argues that the consequences of a behaviour may change the probability of the behaviour reoccurring; in that any behaviour praised is likely to be repeatedRead MoreB. F. Skinners Philosophy of Operant Conditioning Theory Essay591 Words   |  3 PagesI think that B.F. Skinner shares my philosophy in the behavioral aspects of education. There are many points that have expanded my philosophy. 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Edward Thorndike’s theory of connectionismRead MoreVerbal Behavior and Verbal Response1328 Words   |  5 PagesSkinner, in ‘A review of B. F. Skinner’s verbal Behavior’ and ‘Selections from Science and Human Behavior’, discusses the idea of operant conditioning in human behavior, and functional analysis in human verbal behavior respectively. Both ideas seek to explain human behavior, whether in physical action or in verbal communication. Operant conditioning takes its root from Thorndike’s law of effect, dealing with reinforcing consequences that ar e contingent on a response (or specified behavior). FunctionalRead MoreThe Theory Of Operant Conditioning Theory Essay746 Words   |  3 Pagescame up with the idea of what is known as operant conditioning (Rholetter, 2013). Operant conditioning is one of two theories in learning that illustrates behaviorism (Kretchmar, 2015). It is according to Rholetter (2013), â€Å"the idea that behavior is the learned result of consequences†. Skinner believed that learning during operant conditioning is done based upon the outcome of a given situation (Lefrancois, 2012, p. 91). His operant conditioning theory is constructed on reinforcements consistingRead MorePavlov s Classical Conditioning Vs. Operant Conditioning1172 Words   |  5 PagesPavlov’s Classical Conditioning vs. B.F. Skinner’s Operant Conditioning Bhavika D. Patel Atlantic Community College Abstract Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner both studied learning, in which they both did different experiments on different animals and with different conditioning. Classical conditioning is the process in which two stimuli become linked; once this association has been recognized, an originally neutral stimulus is conditioned to provoke an involuntary response. The dogs in Pavlov’s studiesRead MoreCompare and Constrast Classical and Operant Conditioning737 Words   |  3 Pagescontrast classical and operant conditioning, their theories, terminology, famous psychologists and applications of the theory for teaching. Classical and operant conditioning are two important concepts central to behavioral psychology. While both result in learning, the processes are quite different. In order to understand how each of these behavior modification techniques can be used, it is also essential to understand how classical conditioning and operant conditioning differ from one anotherRead MoreSkinners Operant Conditioning Theory Essay658 Words   |  3 PagesSkinners Operant Conditioning Theory B.F Skinner (1904-1990), an American psychologist who was the leading exponent of the school of psychology know as behaviourism, maintained the idea that learning is a result of any change in overt behaviour. Changes in behaviour are determined by the way an individual responds to events (stimuli) in the environment. Skinner described this phenomenon as operant conditioning. Action on part of the learner is called a response. WhenRead More Operant Conditioning Essay757 Words   |  4 PagesOperant Conditioning Overview: The theory of B.F. Skinner is based upon the idea that learning is a function of change in overt behavior. Changes in behavior are the result of an individuals response to events (stimuli) that occur in the environment. A response produces a consequence such as defining a word, hitting a ball, or solving a math problem. When a particular Stimulus-Response (S-R) pattern is reinforced (rewarded), the individual is conditioned to respond. The distinctive characteristic

The World Of Cloning Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The World Of Cloning Essay, Research Paper For many old ages, scientists, every bit good as the people of this state, have been interested in a capable known as cloning. The word ringer originally came from the Grecian word klon, significance, a subdivision or outgrowth. In 1961, J.B. Gurdon cloned a polliwog by destructing the karyon in an unfertilised cell and replacing it with one from an grownup polliwog. He says this technique can besides be used in worlds. Why ringer a individual? Cloning is really utile. Its survey can foster our cognition of embryonic cell division and immunology every bit good as organ rejection. Cloning has already been introduced as a portion of the surveies of malignant neoplastic disease and the ripening of the human organic structure. Another illustration of utilizing cloning in medical specialty is the narrative of Dr. Beatrice Mintz. She produced mice with Lesch-Nydam disease. This is used as an carnal theoretical account of human familial upsets. We will write a custom essay sample on The World Of Cloning Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Over 400 old ages ago cloning was already germinating. In Europe we see an illustration of selective genteelness. This was used after Leonardo Da Vinci died. The people wanted another endowment lik vitamin E him so they set out to happen a immature adult female who had the same attributes as Da Vinci s female parent who would deliver a kid and rise and train him in the humanistic disciplines. Similar thoughts have come about. J. B. S. Haldane proposed the thought that we save the genotypes of celebrated people and utilize them to do a ringer. These ringers could be used to heighten our civilization. Dr. Elof Axel wants cloning to be used to raise dead personalities. But this thought is wholly absurd and unethical. Some people think that cloning is all bad. The fact is that it isn t. Cloning is one of the most unbelievable finds of all time made. It may shortly extinguish atrocious familial defects and take us to bring arounding malignant neoplastic disease. Knowledge of cistrons would let us to make something about familial defects. Down s syndrome is another illustration. This defect occurs when a individual receives an excess chromosome ( 47, alternatively of 46. ) We must understand that parts of cloning are still being researched, but if familial technology could be used to bring around the strivings and agonies of stultifying upsets, it would be deserving certain hazards.

Trends of Social Networking free essay sample

The Trends of Social Networking Social communication has always been a vital need to humanity. At its core, social communication did not change. People still exchange thoughts, feelings and news; however, the ways they socially communicate have radically changed. Online social networking is a recent form of social communication conducted over the internet. It witnessed a huge growth since 1997 with the first social networking website SixDegrees. com (â€Å"Boyd†). Social networking websites provide a great socializing capability for their members. Primarily, they aim at connecting people with their acquaintances from all places, at all times. Such websites attract more than 1 billion users around the globe (â€Å"List of social networking websites†). Beside for personal use, social networking websites are used for e-marketing and legal investigations. One of the most rapidly growing social networking sites is Facebook. com, with more than 80 million users and a 270% growth rate from 2006 to 2007 (â€Å"To facebook or not to facebook†). We will write a custom essay sample on Trends of Social Networking or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was founded by an American Harvard Student, Mark Zuckerberg in 2004. Huge acquisitions offers were proposed for Facebook reaching as high as $1 billion. This big success may be attributed to Facebook’s ease of use and unique socializing features. Facebook allows users to connect to others by sharing pictures, blogs, videos, interests and more and has taken over American teens and even adults. There have been sites long before Facebook was created but this fairly new site has become the most popular today by far. Many people believe that Facebook is dangerous for users because of the amount of information that can be added on to one’s account. Also, those who oppose the use of the site feel that time should not be spent online because it takes time away from family and puts more emphasis on virtual rather than physical relationships. Others feel that this site allows for socialization and is just a way to have fun and keep in touch with others. Facebook should be allowed to be used by people under 18. It allows members to check students who are taking the same class, living within the same area, or coming from the same school. There are several reasons why Facebook should be used by teenagers. Facebook is well secured and organized website. Individuals who have an account in Facebook are now using more of their time to socialize with other people from far distance and lack of time. It makes easier to join groups having similar likes and dislikes, and can be used as a dating system. Facebook allows users to search for new and old friends, it makes less awkward when communicating with strangers or people we are not familiar with, and also why all of us should have Facebook is that it allows members to check students who are taking the same class, living within the same area, or coming from the same high school. What’s the first thing that pops in your mind when you think about MySpace? Is it friends, danger or is it drama? MySpace or facebook. com are often thought as dangerous websites because of the incidents that have happened or people have seen on TV like girls getting raped, kids getting kidnapped and teenagers getting killed because of MySpace. Now the big question is should myspace. com be restricted to people younger than 18 and only be used by people 18 and older? I personally think that it should not be because MySpace can be beneficial to all ages, a great way to keep in touch with old and new friends, and last but not least a great way to express yourself. Myspace is also another popular social network owned by Specific Media LLC and pop star Justin Timberlake. Myspace launched in August 2003. Their headquarters are based out of Beverly Hills, California. In August 2011, Myspace had a little over 33 million U. S. visitors. Myspace was founded in 2003. From 2005 until 2008, Myspace was the most visited social networking site in the world. In June 2006, it was the most visited site in the U. S. Despite a lot of changes the number of users decreased. Myspace. com is a very social able website and it’s not as bad as everyone tries to make it. This site is made for people to meet and find each other, listen to music, play games, write blogs and bulletins, and put up pictures within reason. When used properly, nothing bad can happen. MySpace isn’t bad for people under 18 as long as you can be smart about what you put on your MySpace and not give out too much of your information, and be careful with whom you talk to. MySpace can also be very beneficial in multiple ways. For example, if you miss a day at school and you need to get homework you can always ask a friend over MySpace what the homework assignment was or, your teacher can have a MySpace and she or he can post the assignment on MySpace that way every student knows what the assignment is another example on how MySpace can be beneficial to people. If you were like me when you heard about twitter, you probably thought it was pointless. I remember thinking â€Å"what can it do that facebook or MySpace can’t? It just seemed like another social media website to waste time on. I don’t know about you, but I waste too much time already on facebook. I assumed it was just like all the other social media websites that have come before it. Hearing of so many celebrities using it made me wonder what exactly the benefits of twitter are. Twitter lets you share information with people through short messages called â€Å"tweets. † An yone can read what you have to say by following you, or by viewing your profile. At first glance you may think it’s just a bunch of useless information that nobody would care about. When you look more closely at it you can see that there are a broad range of topics being discussed by millions of people. The information being exchanged can range from people just having a good time, to interesting and valuable information. It all depends on what you want to use it for. Twitter is especially valuable for businesses. Staying on top of the latest trend’s and what’s being said about them in real time is a very useful. It helps them more than any other social media website. They can better satisfy their customers if they know exactly what issues customer may have with their business. Being able to reach customers, and understand them so quickly makes twitter an invaluable asset to business. Catching on to twitter in the beginning can be somewhat frustrating. You look up people, or businesses you want to get updates on and follow them. It has a language of its own. You use @username to direct a message to someone, or to reply. Everyone can see this type of message. You can send a direct personal message to someone, but you both have to be following each other. Those are just the basics, and it gets even more complicated from there. It can all seem overwhelming at first, but after you get the hang of it you’ll be fine. Despite the success of online social networking, many opponents find social networking websites as great source of discomfort and risk. Social networking may lead to psychological and financial problems. But all in all as the internet becomes more of a friend then a foe we tend to rely on it from day to day. Maybe it’s because we are hooked on it, or maybe it is because in today’s society we need to have it. What will our next trend of the century be? Only one knows.

The Inventors Behind the Creation of Television

The Inventors Behind the Creation of Television Television wasnt invented by a single person. The efforts of many people working over the years, together and separately, contributed to the evolution of the technology. At the dawn of television history, two competing experimental approaches  led to the breakthroughs that eventually made the technology possible.  Early inventors attempted to build either a mechanical television based on Paul Nipkows rotating disks or an electronic television using a  cathode ray tube  developed independently in 1907 by English inventor A.A. Campbell-Swinton and Russian scientist Boris Rosing. Because electronic television systems worked better, they eventually replaced mechanical systems. Here is an overview of the major names and milestones behind one of the most important inventions of the 20th century. Mechanical Television Pioneers German inventor  Paul Gottlieb Nipkow developed a rotating disc technology in 1884 called the Nipkow disk to transmit pictures over wires. Nipkow is credited with  discovering televisions scanning principle, in which the light intensities of small portions of an image are successively analyzed and transmitted. In the 1920s, John Logie Baird patented the idea of using arrays of transparent rods to transmit images for television. Bairds 30-line images were the first demonstrations of television by reflected light rather than back-lit silhouettes.  Baird based his technology on Nipkows scanning disc idea and other developments in electronics. Charles Francis Jenkins invented a mechanical television system called Radiovision and claimed to have transmitted the earliest moving silhouette images on June 14, 1923. His company also  opened the first television broadcasting station in the U.S., named W3XK. Electronic Television Pioneers German scientist  Karl Ferdinand Braun entered history books by inventing the cathode ray tube (CRT) in 1897. This picture tube, which for years was the only device that could create the images viewers saw, was the basis for the advent of electronic television. In 1927, American Philo Taylor Farnsworth  became  the first inventor to transmit a television image- a dollar sign- comprising 60 horizontal lines. Farnsworth also developed the dissector tube, the basis of all current electronic televisions. Russian inventor  Vladimir Kosma Zworykin invented an improved cathode ray tube called the kinescope in 1929. Zworykin was one of the first to demonstrate a system with all the features that would come to make up televisions. Additional Television Components In 1947 Louis W. Parker invented the Intercarrier Sound System to synchronize television sound. His invention is used in all television receivers in the world. In June 1956  the TV remote controller first entered the American home. The first TV remote control, called Lazy Bones, was developed in 1950 by Zenith Electronics Corp., then known as Zenith Radio Corp. Marvin Middlemark invented rabbit ears, the once-ubiquitous V-shaped TV antennae, in 1953. His other inventions included a water-powered potato peeler and a rejuvenating tennis ball machine. Plasma TV display panels use small cells containing electrically charged ionized gases to generate high-quality imagery. The first prototype for a plasma display monitor was invented in 1964 by Donald Bitzer, Gene Slottow, and Robert Willson. Other Television Advances In 1925, Russian TV pioneer Zworykin filed a patent disclosure for an all-electronic color television system. Following authorization by the FCC, a color television system began commercial broadcasting on Dec. 17, 1953, based on a system invented by RCA. TV closed captions are hidden in the television video signal, invisible without a decoder. They were first demonstrated in 1972 and debuted the following year on the Public Broadcasting Service. Television content for the World Wide Web was rolled out in 1995. Historys first TV series made available on the Internet was  the public access program Rox.

Media studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Media studies - Essay Example Thus, scholars place information online where people can search and find such information. Digital search has changed in terms of sophistication and capability of search techniques and practices, which have evolved in tandem as they expand the search culture. Such has led to overtaking of the normal library search for scholars and individuals in different regions and locations. This is evident in the development of the Google android system, which enables individuals to use mobile phones as the means of searching for information. The search culture is also integrated in the global position system, which enables individuals to use their mobile devices to locate different areas. The education sector has also adopted the culture of search from Google. This is evidenced by the tutors who give assignments and tasks to students and requests such students to engage with Google and search for detailed information. Hence, Google has been able to create a unique culture, which has the common denominator of searching for information via the online

LT ASSIGNMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

LT ASSIGNMENT - Essay Example Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understand the nature of motivation; whether one is born with it or not, and exploring some factors that lead to demotivation of individuals (Ryan, 2012). Motivation is an attribute that a person can have or lack. Basically, some form of motivation is inborn which is refered to intrinsic type of motivation. This type assumes that each and everybody is born with certain aspects of performance. Motivation that a person is born with can be hereditary. People born motivated excel because they do the things they are passionate about. From that point, things take off. On the contrary, not everyone is born motivated or possessing the selfdrive nature. However, the greatest attribute to motivation is one of extrinsic value which results from external factors. This can be referred to as the main argument in motivation. The way a person is brought up determines the character of that individual. It implies that the greatest boost to motivation is inherited from the environment because it offers an opportunity. On other hand, past experiences make people to become sensitive about opportunities and hence they acknowledge and accept them (Ryan, 201 2). On the contrary, people can become demotivated. Sometimes, when an individual lacks to achieve a specific set goal and they had paid full attention into accomplishing it, the result is demotivation. Failure makes some people to give up and lose their motivation. However, failure to some people acts as a form of motivation to work even harder to achieve success. Furthermore, poor performance can lead to demotivation as well as lack of trust say in leadership in a work place (Ryan, 2012). In conclusion, motivation is the desire to achieve while demotivation is the lack of selfdrive nature. Some people can be born with motivation while others cannot. However, the biggest contributor of motivation is learned. On the

Explanation of Human Behavior Essay Example for Free

Explanation of Human Behavior Essay Psychology is a vast field that studies the behavior of a person. Because of psychology there is a better understanding of the disorders people may be affected by, the choices people make, and even the sexuality of the human race is understood by psychology. How psychology came to be, is a question that I had asked myself in the past. When researchers chose to directly observe psychological events, such as timed reactions, 130 years ago, psychology emerged into a scientific field of its own. The first psychological lab was created in 1879 by Wilhelm Wandr. Since the field of psychology was originally developed by Caucasian males, many beliefs were biased. As the field of psychology has grown, so has the diversity involved in psychological study; leaving us with more accurate understanding. As I happened to mention earlier, psychology is a vast field. This leaves room for many different perspectives. There are three primary perspectives with several sub-fields of psychology. First there is the biological perspective which includes biopsychology and evolutionary psychology. Second, is the psychological perspective that includes behaviorism, cognitive psychology, the psycho-dynamic approach, and humanism. The third perspective of psychology is the sociocultural perspective. Together, these three perspectives and their sub-fields have helped in advancing knowledge in the field. A long standing debate in the field of psychology is the effect of nature and nurture on a person’s behavioral development. I feel that both are equally important factors in how a person behaves. Some people are born with psychological disorders, but their upbringing helps them live a comfortable life without being controlled by their disorder. Others grow up in a bad environment that brings out the worst of their disorders. There are some people who aren’t born with psychological disorders, but develop some over time due to their upbringing. For example, I was born without any  abnormalities and was completely healthy. Unfortunately I was born into a family of addiction and violence. As a child I was sexually, physically, and emotionally abused. As a result of this abuse I suffered from depression and even now as an adult, many of my choices are influenced by the environment I grew in. I do feel that a lot of personal choices are in our own control, though. Another example, though I was raised in the type of family I was raised in, I chose to be better. I chose to break the pattern of addiction and abuse and become a better person. I know other people who grew up in the same situation as me, and they choose to follow the path and they choose to carry a grudge that the world owes them something. I feel there are too many factors involved in behavior for it to be caused by only one perspective. Reference Mitterer, Coon. Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and Behavior with Concept Maps and Reviews (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Cengage Learning.

Thematic Analysis of Jack Londons White Fang Essay -- Jack London Whi

Thematic Analysis of Jack London's White Fang White Fang, written by Jack London, is a wonderful adventure novel that vividly depicts the life of a wolf by the name of White Fang. Throughout the course of the novel, White Fang goes through numerous learning experiences as he interacts with humans and other wolves from Alaska around the turn of the century. Jack London uses the events that transpire during White Fang's life to illustrate that only the cunning, intelligent, and strong will be able to survive. The ideas of Darwinism and survival are reinforced by almost every action that takes place in the novel. Man is shown defeating nature through superior intelligence, a wolf cub conquers his puppy-hood, and a young wolf survives despite the hardships placed upon him by man.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the story begins, Jack London is quick to introduce his theme, but he opens the first three chapters without the main character, White Fang. Two men, named Bill and Henry, are trying to transport the body of a rich man across the frozen tundra of Alaska by sled dog, while a pack of hungry wolves is pursuing them. The wolves gradually kill off the team of dogs, and eventually Bill, in an attempt to survive the long winter. It is ironic in that both the wolves and Henry are struggling against each other for their lives. The wolves need to eat Henry to fight off their maddening hunger, and Henry needs to get rid of the wolves so he can remain living. In the end, Henry proves the victor of t...

“What Thanksgiving means to me.

In my country, Korea, having same holiday Thanksgiving called by Chu-Seok. Thanksgiving is upon us. I have to say, fall is one of my most favorite times of the year – first Halloween, then Thanksgiving, and then Christmas, all right in a row. The decorations, the music, the food, the holiday spirit – I like it. Coming from a large family – and having a large extended family – only heightened the holiday cheer growing up, and I used to help create that cheer for my own family. So I think I’d take a moment to talk about what Thanksgiving means to me.There is always the traditional Korean food, of course. But it’s not just the act of eating Thanksgiving dinner. The hours of preparation and the delicious smells that fill the house that entire week are just as important, as are the leftovers that last for days. In my family, the cooking of Christmas cookies has always begun the day after Thanksgiving – if not before. The preparation, eating , and preserving of food becomes both a family tradition and a ritual of community and togetherness.There is also family. For me, Thanksgiving has almost always involved time spent with extended family, whether they come to me or I go to them. And for me, extended family has always meant time spent playing board games such as Yut-Game, Gostop-Game. or just sitting around reminiscing. There are also the family projects that we’ll all tackle together, whether it’s simply fixing that drawer that never ran straight or building an entire new porch. Thanksgiving has always meant all of that.In addition to centering around the ritual of food, the embrace of family, and the richness of history, Thanksgiving has always served for me as a time of contemplation and gratitude. It’s good to take stock from time to time, not to ignore problems or challenges but rather to remember and think about the good. Sometimes we get so caught up in the daily grind of life that we focus more on what we don’t have than on what we do have. Thanksgiving helps me slow down and refresh my focus.

A Plan Structure And Strategy Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 14 Words: 4269 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? This chapter presents the procedures to investigate the relationship between the different variables in this study. These procedures comprised of the research design, research strategy, research population, sampling procedures and the development of an instrument for this research. 3.1 Research Design. A research in general can be considered as a systematic process to find answers for certain issues. A Research design is perceived as a road map for the researchers (Davis, 1996). A research design is identified as; A plan, structure and strategy of investigation so conceived as to obtain answers to research questions or problems (Kerlinger, 1986). In other words, a research design is a comprehensive plan on how a research is to be accomplished, how the variables are operationalized, how the data from the proposed sample are collected and subsequently, how the results are derived by analyzing the data (Thyer, 1993). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Plan Structure And Strategy Finance Essay" essay for you Create order 3.2 Nature of Research. Generally, research can be classified into three main categories according to the nature and purpose of the research. 3.2.1 Exploratory Research. This type of research is being conducted when there is insufficient knowledge about certain issues to investigate new concepts or phenomena (Sekaran, 2003). In exploratory research, qualitative methods are more often being used than quantitative methods (Hair, Money, Page Samouel, 2007). The researcher usually uses one of four approaches to solicit information namely secondary data analysis, pilot studies, case studies and experience survey to obtain initial ideas about a situation (Zikmund, 2003). 3.2.2 Descriptive Research. This design aims to describe the major attributes that answer questions about current situation (Sekaran, 2003). The descriptive research can be classified based on the time horizon to collect the data namely cross-sectional or longitudinal. As the name indicates, the cross-sectional approach is to collect data only once or at a certain point of time, while longitudinal approach is to describe the situation whereby data is being gathered over time (Hair et al., 2007). Data for descriptive research are collected by means of interview, observation, or questionnaire (Gay Airasian, 2003). The statistical analyses used for the descriptive research are computing the central tendency, variances and correlations (LeedyOrmrod, 2001). 3.2.3 Hypotheses Testing. This design employed a testable scheme to examine the relationships between the different variables (Saunders, Lewis Thornhill, 2007). The main objective of this research design is to explain the variance on the dependent variable or to predict the outcome of this relationship between independent and dependent variables (Sekaran,2003). In this study, the main objective is to investigate the relationship between variables, and can be considered as a descriptive and hypotheses testing study in nature. Using the descriptive statistics to determine the main attributes of the population can provide a better understanding on the nature of the population. Hypotheses testing are also used to investigate the relationships between the independent and dependent variables to determine any differences between them. 3.3 Choice of Research Design. Zikmund (2003) claimed that the objectives, availability of information and costs for conducting the research are the main factors affecting the choice of research design. The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between accounting information and corporate governance dimensions and investment decision. the study had adopted the survey strategy. The data obtained from survey is used to examine the relationships between the dependent and independent variables (Davis, 1996). furthermore, when the respondents are bank managers, accounting staff department and highly educated, survey approach is the most suitable technique (Cooper Schindler, 2003). This further supports the reason for choosing survey approach for this study. Other advantage of survey strategy is the large amount of data that can be gathered from the respondents and the results can be generalized to the population at large. 3.4 Survey Strategies. This study has adopted the survey strategy. However, several approaches can be used to collect data for the survey. 3.4.1 Personal Interview. Personal interview or face-to-face interview is a two-way conversation between the interviewers and the respondents in order to gather information (Cooper Schindler, 2003). This technique can be carried out in several ways such as structured interview, which is conducted as the interviewer knows the questions to be asked. Alternately, unstructured interviews can be conducted whereby the interviewer has no ready questions (Sekaran, 2003). Personal interview has its advantages and disadvantages. The advantages are the researcher has the opportunity to get direct feedback from the respondents, or provides encouragement to get information from respondents (Zikmund, 2003). 3.4.2 Telephone Interview. Telephone interview is the gathering of data from the respondents by telephone (Zikmund, 2003). The telephone interview technique can overcome some of the disadvantages encountered by face-to-face interview such as geographical barriers. This technique enables the interviewer to reach respondents efficiently in terms of time and cost (Saunders et al. 2007). Furthermore, combining telephone services with computer, source as Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI), allows the interviewer to record the respondents answers directly to the computer that can save time and money (Zikmund, 2003). The main advantage of telephone interview method as it allows respondents to answer private or personal questions because there is no face-to-face contact. The speed of data which can be gathered from this technique is another advantage as it can reach the respondents who are located at a wide geographical locations but have access to telecommunication network such as mobile or fixed line phone services (Zikmund, 2003). On the other hand, the disadvantage of this technique is that respondents can end the interview without any caution (Sekaran, 2003). Other disadvantage is the lack of visual interaction because the interviewer cannot see the respondents expression while telephone interviews are being conducted (Zikmund, 2003). In addition, the duration of interview can be another disadvantage because the respondents may feel bored when the duration of the interview is too long. The disadvantages are the high cost to conduct interviews, difficulties to reach the respondents who are scattered in a wide geographic area, unwillingness of some respondents to express their attitudes directly to others and, the need to provide training to interviewers (Cooper Schindler, 2003). 3.4.3 Internet Survey. Internet survey is conducted by using the internet network. The main advantage of this approach is the capability to reach respondents in a wide geographic area. Furthermore, the direct recording for the respondents answers into the system will save time and money (Saunders et al. 2007). In addition to time and money saving, other advantages of internet survey are its interactive, attractive web site design and confidentiality of the respondents can enhance the response rate (Cooper Schindler, 2003). On the other hand, the disadvantage of internet survey is the high costs of developing questionnaires on the web site that required the service of skilled programmers or IT analysts (Cooper Schindler, 2003). 3.4.4 Mail Survey. Mail survey is conducted by sending the questionnaire to the respondents using mail service which is flexible and cost effective (Davis, 1996). Other advantage of mail survey is respondents confidentiality which can be maintained. The disadvantages of this technique are the low response rate; the researcher also cannot see the respondents which makes it difficult for him to explain some complex issues. It is also difficult to include long or complex questions in the questionnaire (Cooper Schindler, 2003; Sekaran, 2003). 3.5 Choice of Survey Method. Zikmund (2003) reveled that there is no best method as each one has its own strengths and weaknesses. While Cooper Schindler (2003) believed that it is not difficult to choose the best method if the researcher can evaluate between the advantages and disadvantages for each method. However, Kumar (2005) suggested that choice of survey method depends on three major issues namely the nature of the investigation, the geographical distribution of the respondents and the respondents characteristics. In terms of geographical distribution, the respondents for this research are located in a wide geographical area, hence, mail survey is deemed suitable. Furthermore, the targeted population consists of bank managers, accounting stuff department, who are well educated. Thus, it is assumed that they can understand and respond to the questionnaire. Based on the criteria suggested by Kumar (2005), mail survey is perceived as a better choice. However, the main disadvantage of mail survey is the low response rate. Therefore, there is a need to take steps to increase the response rate in such approach. One of these steps is to develop a good questionnaire design which can help to enhance the response rate (Sekaran, 2003). 3.6 Population of Study. According to Davis (1996) the population is the study unit or element which information is gathered to achieve the study purpose. The population is a collection of elements which the study is interested to examine. The target population for this study is managers, accounting staff department, from the banking sector in Libya. The unit of analysis for this study consists of bank managers and accounting staff department. The banking sector plays a pivotal role in the economic growth and contributes significantly to other economic sectors in Libya (CBL, 2005). Furthermore, the banking and financial service sector in Libya is one of the most willing adopter of new IT which are adopted to produce high quality information (Gabbard Park, 1996). 3.7 Sampling Frame. A sampling frame is a comprehensive list of elements representing the population which a sample can be illustrated. According to Hair, Samouel, Babin Money (2003), a sampling frame should meet the following criteria: 1- Frame should comprise of a list of elements representative of the study population. 2- Frame should be comprehensive. 3- Frame should be up-to-date and. 4- Frame should not include any duplicated elements. In this study, the target population is the bank managers and accounting staff who work at banks branches from 15 anchor banks in Libya. For the purpose of this study a decision was taken to include all the bank branches in the sample which means that the population is also the sample. The reasons for taking such decision are: 1- The population for this study is not too large. Gay Diehl (1992) revealed that large sample size will be better for any study especially for generalization purposes. 2- The appropriate sample size for most of res earch ought to be larger than 30 and less than 500 (Sekaran, 2003). 3- The sample size should be sufficiently large for the purpose of conducting a specific data analysis such as multivariate analysis. 3.8 Data Collection Procedure. The main focus of this study is to examine the relationship between accounting information and corporate governance and investment decision in general. Therefore, unit of analysis for this study comprised of the bank managers, accounting staff department in Libya as they were the investment decision between these banks and investors. To achieve the objectives of this research, a questionnaire was developed to collect data from the respondents to provide answers to the research questions. Mail survey strategy was employed for this study. As stringent regulations prohibit Libyan bank employees to respond to any questionnaires unless with the consent of the top management. Therefore, a formal request was sent to seek permission from them. Permission was obtained from these banks and the questionnaires were sent to the public relation office at the head office which subsequently redirected them to the respective branches. 3.9 Questionnaire Design. The development of the study instrument followed the general guides proposed by Guy Diehl (1992) whereby the questionnaire design must be attractive, concise and easy to answer. Zikmund (2003) stressed that an instrument should meet two requirements. Firstly, relevancy as the questionnaire used to collect the information to meet the research objectives. Secondly, accuracy as the questionnaire used to collect information characterized by a high degree of reliability and validity. The following guidelines proposed by Hair et al., (2003) were taken in account while phrasing the questionnaire items. 1- Using simple words and common language. 2- Using brief and direct questions. 3- Avoiding vagueness and be clear about what you asking for 4- Avoiding leading questions to desirable answers and; 5- Avoiding double-barreled questions consist of two or more concerns. For the purpose of this study the questionnaire was structured into five main sections following the funnel approach. The simple and general questions are asked before the difficult ones. For the purpose of this study the questionnaire was structured into five main sections following the funnel approach. The simple and general questions are asked before the difficult ones. 1- Section A: This section solicits information about the respondents demographic variables which include gender, age, level of education, work experience. 2- Section B: The questions in this section are aimed at identifying the dimensions of accounting information (reliability) and what is the impact in investment decisions. 3- Section C: This section concentrates on the information dimensions needed in the intelligence, (relevance) and impact in investment decision. 4- Section D: This section for study the relation between corporate governance (disclosure) and impact in investment decision. 5- Section E: This section was developed and explain corporate governance (transparency) impact in inve stment decision. 3.10 Measurement and Operationalization of Variables. This study aimed to examine the relationship between information quality and decision making as the main two concepts. The literature review discussed the two concepts with regard to their definitions and dimensions. For information, as revealed in the literature is a subjective concept and it was difficult to find agreement between the authors about its dimensions. To overcome this problem, a literature review was conducted to determine the most important dimensions used in the previous literature. The literature revealed that Reliability, Relevance, Disclosure, and Transparency were suitable dimensions to operationalize the concept of information needed. Consequently, information was represented by these four dimensions. For scaling purpose, a five-point scale ranging from 1 Strongly Disagree to 5 Strongly Agree was employed. Table 3.1 presents the operational definitions for each dimension of information quality with its measurement items in addition to the sources of these i tems from were adopted. Information Operational Definition and Questions Resource Reliability The extent to which information is correct and reliable. Correct information. Reliable information. Information is completely error-free. Information exactly matches the actual values. Winter-man,1998 Najjar 2002 Miller,2005 Slone,2006 Ahmed,2007 Relevance The extent to which information is applicable and helpful for the task at hand. Useful to our work Relevant to our work Appropriate for our work Applicable to our work Wang and Strong (1996) Lee et al. (2002) Najjar (2002) Kahn et al. (2002) Slone (2006) Disclosure The extent to which information is correct and right disclosure. Easily Disclosure information. Easily Disclosure information. Easily obtainable information. Quickly Disclosure information when needed. Nabil Ibrahim,2012 Laika,2007 Shawawra,2008 Wen,2007 Almjhli,2009 Transparency The extent to which information is correct and right Transparency. Easily Tran sparency information. Easily Transparency information. Easily obtainable information. Quickly Transparency information when needed. Aljadi,2010 Almjhli,2009 HermalinWeisbach2007 Drabek,2001 Ameri Douai,2006 Table 3.1: Information and Dimensions Measurements. The first dimension of accounting information is reliability . This dimension is operationalized to determine the extent of information as correct and reliable (Winter-man,1998) reliability was operationalized using three items which have been validated by other researchers (e.g. Najjar 2002, Miller,2005, Slone,2006, Ahmed,2007). The second dimension of accounting information is relevance .This dimension is operationalized to determine the extent of information as correct and reliable (Wang and Strong, 1996). reliability was operationalized using three items which have been validated by other researchers (e.g. Bovee, 2004; Kahn et al., 2002; Lee et al., 2002; Najjar, 2002; Slone, 2006). The third dimension was of corporate governance is disclosure . This dimension is operationalized to determine the extent disclos of information as correct and reliable (Nabil Ibrahim,2012). disclosure was operationalized which have been validated by other researchers (e.g. Laika,2007 , Shawawra,2008, Wen,2007,Almjhli,2009). The fourth dimension was of corporate governance is transparency .This dimension is operationalized to determine the extent transparency of information as correct and reliable (Aljadi,2010). transparency was operationalized which have been validated by other researchers (e.g. Almjhli,2009, HermalinWeisbach2007, Drabek,2001, Ameri Douai,2006). 3.10.1 Validity and Reliability of the Measurement Instrument. Assessment of the validity and reliability of the items were conducted before the questionnaires were distributed to the respondents. This was to ensure the items were suitable for use in this study. The validity of the instrument can be classified into two main categories namely content validity and construct validity. The content validity is the conformity of the instrument whether it measures what it is proposed to measure. This can be achieved through adopted items which were used in previous research (Saunders et al., 2007). To assess the content validity, Hair et al.(2007) suggested seeking opinion from individuals such as academics who are experts in their respective area. Individuals from the population can also be chosen to obtain the feedback on the questionnaire items. On the other hand, construct validity is concerned with the theoretical and hypothetical development of the relationships between the variables (Pallant, 2007). According to Hair et al. (2007), co nstruct validity can be verify using two approaches namely convergent validity which is to examine whether the construct of the study related positively with other measures of this construct. The other approach is discriminate validity which is to examine whether correlations exist between the study constructs. and other different constructs. For the purpose of this study, the definitions of the main variables were carefully reviewed from related literature as suggested by Saunders et al. (2007). A pretest was conducted by seeking feedback from experts, academicians, students and bank managers. Based on their comments, items amendments were carried out to ensure the familiarity, wordings and the clearness of the questionnaire items. The second criterion for assessing the measurement scale is the reliability of measurement. As validity is related to accuracy, the reliability on the other hand, is related to consistency (Hair et al., 2007). Reliability is perceived as the degree by which similar results can be obtained when repeating the same course of action under different circumstances (Crowther Lancaster, 2009). Two approaches can be used to assess the reliability of the measurement namely test retest which is appraised by administrating the questionnaire to the sample in different circumstances and comparing the differences of their correlations. The second measure of reliability is to examine the internal consistency between items using Cronbachs coefficient alpha (Pallant, 2007). Cronbachs coefficient alpha value is the most widely used statistics to determine the reliability of the measurement (Crowther Lancaster, 2009; Hair et al., 2007; Leedy Ormrod, 2001; Pallant, 2007; Saunders et al., 2007; Sekaran, 2003). The value of Cronbachs coefficient alpha ranges from 0 to 1. The acceptance of this value depends on the nature and the research objectives. Commonly accepted values is around 0.7 and the value can be reduced to 0.5 for the explorat ory research (Hair et al., 2007).The strength of relations for Cronbachs coefficient alpha value is summarized in Table 3.2. Alpha Coefficient Range. Strength of Association. 0.6 poor 0.6 to 0.7 Moderate 0.7 to 0.8 good 0.8 to 0.9 Very good 0.9 Excellent Source: Hair et al. (2007). Table 3.2: Alpha Coefficient Ranges and Strength. 3.10.2 Pilot Test. A pilot test was conducted before the questionnaires were distributed to the target respondents. The major objective of the pilot test was to assess the goodness of the measurement in terms of validity and reliability. To achieve this objective a total of 30 questionnaires represented 15 percent of the sample were sent to banks as a subsample from the study target population to obtain their feedback. According to Cooper Schindler (2003), the range from 25 to 100 is a suitable size for pilot test in general. After three weeks from the date of sending the questionnaire to the respondents, a total of 10 questionnaires were returned and this represents a return rate of 50%. This made the response rate for the pilot test to 50 percent which is sufficient for such research (Sekaran, 2003). The 15 questionnaires were subjected to analysis procedures to get the feedback about the reliability of the information . Analysis was conducted on accounting information dimensions and the cor porate governance effectiveness as these were the two major concepts in this study. For accounting information , there were initially 22 items representing 2 different dimensions of accounting information . The results indicated misinterpretation to a reverse item about the reliability and relevance information is not sufficiently current for our work. This items was subsequently deleted from the questionnaire. The items related to information quality dimensions were reduced to 20 items instead of 22 items. For corporate governance , there were initially 22 items representing 2 different dimensions of corporate governance . The results indicated misinterpretation to a reverse item about the disclosure, transparency information is not sufficiently current for our work. This items was subsequently deleted from the questionnaire. The items related to corporate governance dimensions were reduced to 20 items instead of 22 items. After deleting the four items, the questionn aires were subjected to data analysis using the SPSS. The results were being more satisfactory after modifications. 3.11 Data Analysis. Prior to the data analysis, tests for normality and outliers assessments were conducted. Five different methods of analysis namely descriptive statistics, factor analysis, test of differences, correlations and multiple regressions were conducted to provide answers to the research objectives. 3.11.1 Descriptive Statistics. Descriptive statistic was undertaken to provide background information of the respondents. Pallant (2007) revealed that descriptive statistic aimed to: 1- Depict the different attributes of the data. 2- Verify any violation of the principal assumptions for the statistical methods to be used in the study. 3- To address particular research questions. In this study, the descriptive statistics were undertaken using central tendency and variation statistics such as means, ranges and standard deviation. Frequencies, percentages and relevant charts were also computed for nominal scale data. 3.11.2 Factor Analysis. Hair et al. (2007) described factor analysis as a method used to reduce a large number of variables by combining the related variables together in a factor. In this study, factor analysis was undertaken to determine the dimensions of the two major concepts namely accounting information and corporate governance, impact investment decision. Factor analysis was carried out following the main steps suggested by Pallant (2007) which consist of: 1- Consideration of the appropriateness of the data for the factor analysis by fulfilling the required assumptions such as adequate sample size, existence of adequate correlations between the variables in the same factor, achieving linearity condition and checking for outliers. 2- Factor extraction using suitable techniques to verify the smallest number of factors. In this study the principle component analysis (PCA) was adopted since this technique was widely used by researchers (Pallant, 2007). In PCA, the main variables were grouped into smaller linear variables and analyzed all the shared variance by using a mathematical model (Tabachnick Fidell 2007). Stevens (1996) preferred PCA as it does not include any problems like other related analysis. Furthermore, Tabachnick Fidell (2007) considered this approach as the best choice in the case of looking for an. experimental review of the variables. For these reasons, PCA was adopted for this study. 3- Factor rotation and explanation is the last step in factor analysis conducted. In specific cases, there is a need to repeat the rotation. When there appears to have high loadings in more than one factor. After the factor analysis, reliability test was undertaken to assess the goodness of the measurement. Specifically, reliability analysis is to determine the internal consistency of the measurement items after factor analysis. The most widely measurement for the reliability of the scale is Cronbachs alpha value that ranged from 0 to 1. According to Hair et al. (2007) a value of 0.7 is an acceptable alpha value for research in general. 3.11.3 Test for Differences. In this study, the test for differences between variables was conducted for different objectives. Test for differences between the early and late response was conducted to ensure there was no response biased in this study. The other objective to undertake this test was to test the hypotheses which were developed to answer the research questions. For this purpose, paired sample t-tests were used to test the differences between the related variables using data collected from the same respondents under two different situations (Pallant, 2007) 3.11.4 Correlation Analysis. Correlation analysis is described as the assessment of the relationship between two variables (Hair et al., 2007). This study aimed to examine the relationships between different variables namely information quality dimensions as the independent variables and decision effectiveness as the dependent variables. Correlation analysis was conducted for this study between information quality variables and decision effectiveness variables for three main purposes. Firstly, the tests were conducted to determine the direction of the relationship between these variables. Secondly, the tests were conducted to determine the strength of these relationships. Thirdly, the tests were conducted to examine if there were any multicollianearity between these variables. In this study, the correlations between accounting information and corporate governance, impact in investment decision effectiveness were conducted by using Pearson correlation. Pearson correlation is used to describe the streng th of the relationship between two variables. 3.11.5 Multiple Regressions Analysis. The final method of data analysis for this study is multiple regressions. According to Pallant (2007), multiple regression is used to examine the effect of more than one independent variables on one single dependent variable. In this study, the multiple regression was employed to predict the strongest item between accounting information and corporate governance as an independent variable namely accuracy, accessibility, completeness, relevancy and timeliness on each single item of investment decision variables as a dependent variable namely quality, commitment, satisfaction and time of decisions. The rationality of using the multiple regressions to investigate the relationship between the variables is the realistic of this analysis. According to Hair et al. (2007) in the real world most of the relations were affected by many variables at the same time not by a single variable only. 3.12 Summary. This chapter highlighted the methodology adopted for this study. It discussed the research design and the rationality for choosing the method used in this study. The population of the study and the target respondents were also described. This was followed by data collection procedures and the development of the instrument. Finally, data analysis techniques used to analyze data were discussed. The next chapter discusses the results from the output of data analysis.